Bleeding between periods

Bleeding can come from either the upper or lower genital tract, i.e. from the uterus or cervix/vagina. But there is no reason to panic. Bleeding between periods occurs for a number of reasons. In most cases, they are safe. But it's still worth seeing a doctor. Just in case. What's the cause of the discharge? There are many reasons.

Ovulation

Some women experience a pinkish discharge or discharge with blood at the time of ovulation. This is generally considered normal.

Hormonal changes are a possible reason for this bloody discharge. Before ovulation, estrogen levels drop, which sometimes leads to bleeding.

Pregnancy

About 20 percent of women experience spotting during the first three months of pregnancy. Often blood appears during the first days of pregnancy when the fertilized egg attaches to the mucous membrane of the uterus. Many women mistake this implantation bleeding for menstruation because it occurs so early that they do not realize they are pregnant.

Miscarriage

Spastic pelvic pain (in the lowest part of the torso) or pain in the back. Occasional passage of tissue through the vagina (usually occurs with a miscarriage). If an ectopic pregnancy is terminated, you may have persistent pelvic pain, sometimes dizziness, fainting, or dangerously low blood pressure (shock).

Hormonal Contraception

Contraceptive pills can cause bleeding, especially when you first start using them or change to a new form. Continuous birth control pills are more likely to cause breakthrough bleeding than the 21- or 28-day pill. Bleeding is also common in women who have an IUD

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

The prevalence of STIs is increasing worldwide, also because many of these infections have no symptoms. Apart from a bloody discharge, STIs may cause abnormal discharge from the vagina, abdominal pain accompanied by fever, and pain when urinating or having sex. If you suspect you have an STI, you and your partner should be examined immediately.

Sex

Some women may notice a bloody discharge during or just after sexual intercourse.

Possible reasons for bloody discharge after sex:

Friction and damage to the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix during sex, which is caused by a lack of lubrication;

Inflammation of the vagina and cervix;

Endometriosis.

Menopause

As you near menopause, hormone levels change, so your uterine mucous membrane may become thicker. In rare cases, they may be a sign of a medical problem and require a second opinion.

Prevention & Management Tips

The choice of treatment lays on the cause of bleeding and how it occurs. If necessary, they will be prescribed:

iron preparations;

hormones;

surgical treatment.

When the bleeding process won’t stop, immediately call the emergency.

Treatment & Diagnosis

When there is a sign of uterine bleeding, visit your gynecologist immediately. Women should keep a calendar noting the nature, symptoms, sensation, and duration of their menstrual cycle. This will help your gynecologist prescribe the right treatment and get you through the treatment more quickly. An ultrasound is performed and cervical smears are taken for cancer. Blood tests are performed to determine hormone levels. A biopsy is taken to study the endometrium under a microscope. Correct diagnosis is essential for optimal recovery.

When Should You See A Doctor?

A bloody discharge is quite common, nevertheless, it can be alarming for many women. Unexpected spotting on your underwear might be surprising, and even upsetting, especially if you're on a regular cycle.

But you don't have to worry in advance. Remember: in most cases, the bloody discharge does not indicate anything serious and does not require examination and treatment. If, however, they bother you or are accompanied by alarming symptoms, you should consult a specialist.

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